This linguistic bipolarity dominates Belgian politics and has shaped the design of Belgium's institutions as well as the Constitution's fundamental organising principles: concepts of federalism, democracy, separation of powers, constitutionalism and the rule of law. The most important elements are still in force. The confidentiality of letters is inviolable. Britain became a constitutional monarchy under the Whigs. Federal Constitution, i.e. The relationship has been clarified by The Belgian constitution, “a constitution from the time of Louis-Philippe” (A. Mast), appears on February 7, 1831. THE CONSTITUTION TITLE I ON FEDERAL BELGIUM, ITS COMPONENTS AND ITS TERRITORY Article 1 Belgium is a federal State composed of Communities and Regions. All the features of the federal system apply to the provisions of the Indian Constitution. Article 3 (i) The Belgian Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. The Belgium constitution is one of the oldest codified constitutions currently in effect. Key-words Subnational constitutions, Belgium, Flanders, paralegality, update . Malolos Republic Constituti on The form of government of Mololos Republic Constitution was inspired by the constitutions of Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil, Belgium and France. Some basic elements of the Belgium model of power sharing are (i) Belgian Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in … As aforementioned, our constitution is the largest to ever exist, till date. The constitution of India has several salient features that distinguish it from the constitutions of other countries. Article 29. Belgium 1831 (rev. The Indian constitution is one of the bulkiest constitution of the world, comprising of Belgium (2001). The constitution … Additionally, Article 123 provides for … The draft was presented to the Constitutional Assembly of the Realm, which comprised 152 members who had been elected to discuss the contents of the new constitution. Article 3 Article 2 Belgium comprises three Communities: the Flemish Community, the French Community and the German-speaking Community. This question has not been answered yet! So they amended their constitution four times so as to enable everyone to live together within the same country. It's located in Western Europe and consists of three federal regions: Flanders in the north, Wallonia in the south, and Brussels in the center. (i) The federal system which safeguards and promotes unity of the country, while at the same time accommodates regional diversity. 1. Many people criticise that the Indian Constitution … The constitution provides for judicial immunity, lifetime appointments/"irremovable" justices, the supremacy of the courts to administer justice, and affirms that judges need only submit to the constitution and the federal law. The constitution allocates the rest of the government’s power to the legislature and judiciary. Ans. But all these Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 [Republic, Democracy] Austria is a democratic republic. The Belgian Nation adopts red, yellow, and black colors, while the Coat of Arms depicts the Lion of Belgium with the Motto: Union Makes Strength. ARTICLE 194 Capital The city of Brussels is the capital of Belgium and the headquarters of the federal Government. Our constitution has a well drafted preamble that sums up the entirety of the nation and … Belgium and Sri Lanka that we saw in the last chapter. The flexibility of the constitution – the constitution is a blend of flexibility and rigidity. Article 11 provides the legal basis for the adoption of legislation ensuring that there is no discrimination, while Article 11bis ensures equal access to elected mandates and public mandates. The idea was to work out an arrangement that would make everyone to live together. (ii) Governments at different levels should agree to some rules of power-sharing. that Belgian constitution is endowed with a particularly rigid amendment procedure rather as an advantage. The new government made it the language of administration and education, hoping that it would replace Flemish, Walloon, and German dialects. 1 talking about this. What Makes India a Federal Country? 1. 139 138 Art. We were able to provide the consolidated text of 1983, extended by articles titles for a more informative table of contents. } Below are the features of the federalism followed in India: (1) Supremacy of the constitution: Constitution is the supreme law in India. You would recall that one of the key changes made in the Constitution of Belgium was to reduce the power of the Central Government and to give these powers to the regional governments. Article 1 of the Belgian Constitution, which was adopted in 1993, provides : "Belgium is a federal State which is composed of Communities and Regions". Article 2 Belgium comprises three Communities: the Flemish Community, the French Community and the German-speaking Community. Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany . Article 10 of the Constitution lays down the basic principle of equality and explicitly guarantees equality between men and women. The three salient features of the Indian Constitution are-. On the other hand, Belgium continues to exist as a federal system, based upon linguistic bipolarity. Additionally, it also covers 12 schedules and has undergone 103 amendments, with the last one being conducted on 14th of January 2019. In case the amendments seek to change aspects of federalism in India, the provision to bring about such amendments is not easy. Extracts from the German Constitution of 11 August 1919 (Weimar Constitution) 136 Religion and religious societies 137 Art. On the one hand, it demonstrates features which suggest institutional instability as well as elements that enhance the probability of secession. The more citizens and interest Key elements of the Belgian model are: The number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be … It is classified as a written constitution with more than 146,000 words defining the various laws, rights, duties and work of government officials. The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. He participated in two expert panels (1998/2003) designated by the Belgian government to consider the accession of Belgium to the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Explain any three main features of new constitution of belgium? English. A constitution ‘marries power with justice’ (Lutz 2006: 17)—it makes the operation of power procedurally predictable, upholds the rule of law, and places limits on the arbitrariness of power. THE CONSTITUTION TITLE I ON FEDERAL BELGIUM, ITS COMPONENTS AND ITS TERRITORY Article 1 Belgium is a federal State composed of Communities and Regions. From 1970 to 1993, the constitution of Belgian was amended four times. The arrangement that the Belgium leaders worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative. 141 138. The only provision in the Belgian Constitution dealing with the relationship between EU law and national law is Article 34 that reads as follows: ^The exercising of specific powers can be assigned by a treaty or by a law to institutions of public international law.. However, partially as a reaction against the pro-Dutch policy of Willem I, French became the de facto state language. Don't worry! Accommodation in Belgium. Everyone has the right to the respect of his private and family life, except in the cases and conditions determined by the law. The revisions are discussed, with emphasis on the third revision aimed at resolving conflicts concerning ethnic and cultural divisions within the … It installs the monarchy, but contains it within strict limits. Main features of Belgian Model are : (i) The Belgian Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. to the postal service. Fun Belgium facts. Article 3 The law determines which officials may violate the confidentiality of letters entrusted. You can check out similar questions with solutions below. The Belgian state stipulated freedom of language in its constitution. TITLE I: On Federal Belgium, Its Components and its Territory Article 1 Belgium is a federal State composed of Communities and Regions. Article 3 Belgium comprises three Regions: the Flemish Region, the Walloon Region and the However, it did not become an amalgam. In 1958, Belgium formed an economic agreement, known as the Benelux Economic Union, with neighboring Netherlands and Luxembourg to promote free trade in the region. Unitary Features of the Indian Union. write main features of African constitution; explain the main features of french constitution? Norway and Belgium, Danish politician D.G. 23 May 1949 . Revise US Constitution, add international sovereign, ban nukes, phase out fossils, replace electoral college, end war The text for the ICL edition cannot follow the frequent changes of the Austrian constitution. Regional governments existed in Belgium even earlier. Article 2 Belgium comprises three Communities: the Flemish Community, the French Community and the German-speaking Community. The Belgian Constitution, once described as a model of consensus democracy, has now become an enigma in comparative federalism. Some of the elements of the Belgian model are -. It proclaims the freedoms of citizens, without recourse to the delicate procedure of a declaration of rights. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. The law, federate law or rule referred to in Article 134 7 guarantees that women and men may equally exercise their rights and freedoms, and in particular promotes their … He is a member of the Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission) and of the Royal Flemish 136 137 Art. Monrad wrote a draft constitution. Belgium leaders recognised the differences that existed in the regional & cultural aspects. The monarch may be the de facto head of state or a purely ceremonial leader. Its official name is the “Kingdom of Belgium” and King Philippe of the Belgians is the current monarch. I.3. Except where otherwise noted content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons 2.5 Italy License E 274- 1. 138 138 Art. This came to be known as the Belgian model of power sharing. the Belgian Bill of Rights, on the other hand. Belgium became an independent country in 1830. In 1993, Belgium's constitution was rewritten to officially recognize the country's three administrative regions of Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels. Article 2 Belgium comprises three Communities: the Flemish Community, the French Community and the German-speaking Community. Drawing on inspiration from the constitutions of other countries, e.g. 2012) Page 3 TITLE I: On Federal Belgium, Its Components and its Territory Article 1 Belgium is a federal State composed of Communities and Regions. Certain provisions of the constitution can be easily amended. Important laws can be passed only with the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. Selective overview of constitutional amendments The first amendment ever of the Belgian Constitution was enacted in 1893 12 (between 1831 and 1893, no amendment took thus place) and concerned the extension of voting rights in national 3. Geographical and historical treatment of Belgium, including maps and a survey of its people, economy, and government. The Constitutional Court is a court of law composed of twelve judges who watch over the observance of the Constitution by the legislative authorities of Belgium. They had their roles and powers. Lengthiest constitution of the world- The Indian constitution has 444 Articles in 22 parts, 12 Schedules and 118 amendments that make it the lengthiest constitution of the World. 2. Mention any three features of an ideal federal system. A remarkable stable constitution, it has been revised only three times. Write three main features of french constitution in 1791? Article 22. Between 1970 and 1993, the Belgian leaders amended their Constitution four times to work out a consensus. Important laws can be passed only with the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. Inclusion refers to the process of making a constitution. It is one of the smallest and most densely populated European countries, and it has been, since its independence in 1830, a representative democracy headed by a hereditary constitutional monarch. The Parliamentary … On the contrary, it became an original piece of work. • Right to culture Article 2 • Indigenous right to self governance • Subsidiary unit government Belgium comprises three Communities: the Flemish Community, the French Its law emanates from the people. 137 137 Art. They should also trust that each would abide by its part of the agreement. Constitution of Belgium. We identify and describe three key features of constitutional design that can help a constitution to withstand even major shocks: inclusion, flexibility and specificity. The Belgian constitution was a balanced synthesis of the French constitutions of 1791, 1814 and 1830, the Dutch constitution of 1814, and of English constitutional law. 1. No More War. 2. Accommodation in Belgium. THE CONSTITUTION TITLE I On federal Belgium, its cOmpOnents and its territOry Article 1 Belgium is a federal State composed of Communities and Regions. This kind of ‘holding together’ federations is followed in India, Spain and Belgium countries.

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