Water for injections is used as the vehicle for aqueous injections. All the excipients defined in the prototype formula were found to be compatible with IMN. 6. Acetylcholine and Atropine produce antagonism. 3. Define and classify monophasic liquid dosage forms. Define incompatibility. Describe the methods to correct such incompatibility. c. What are different excipients used in liquid dosage forms? 06 Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 3 May 2021), Cerner Multum™ (updated 4 May 2021), … Define pharmokinetics. ... define incompatibility. 4. • It is discussed in chemical incompatibility unit C. Microbiological stability: 1. Write a note on history of pharmacy. Explain with suitable examples the formulation adjuvants used in monobasic liquids dosage forms. Enumerate pharmacodynamic interactions in therapeutic incompatibility. Define Incompatibility. 1. pertaining to pharmacy or drugs. In that modification of the therapeutic effect of one drug by the prior concomitant administration of another. 1. Therapeutic Incompatibility Therapeutic incompatibility is also called as drug interactions. 177 terms. Therapeutic incompatibility 1. Explain the different methods of extraction process. Semester ‐ III Course Number Title of Course Sr. No. Define suspension. 15. All controlled samples are also stored at this temperature. 2. explain formulation, evaluation and labeling of aromatic water, glycerides, syrups, elixirs and powder preparations. In this lesson, we'll explore the concept of polymorphism. ** Short note- Therapeutic incompatibility. Solve the following incompatibility Rx Sodium Salicylate – 5 gm. Skills : 1. state the correct use of various equipments in Pharmaceutics laboratory relevant to practical‟s. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. (The answer may be in one word, one number or 1 to 2 lines) Question 1. b. Troches, lozenges, and dental cones dissolve slowly in the mouth and provide primarily local effects. 7. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Give examples SECTION B 2. 06 (b) Write a short note on suppositories base. Humectants, such as propylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and sorbitol are hygroscopic excipients used at ~5% in liquid dosage forms (e.g., aqueous suspensions and emulsions for external application) to retard the evaporation of aqueous vehicle from dosage forms during storage and use. The intricate modeling of the ocular globe can be divided into two segments, namely the anterior segment, extending from the cornea to the lens, containing aqueous humor along with ocular tissues like the cornea, conjunctiva, iris, lens, and pupil . Advantages of powders: i) Powder form is the most versatile and convenient to prescribe, compound and administer. ii) Calculate the dose of 6yrs child if adult dose is 300mg. Effervescent granules SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks 12. To search compatibility information from the Trissel's™ 2 Clinical Pharmaceutics Database by Lawrence A. Trissel, begin by typing the desired drug or solution name into the appropriate search box. What is therapeutic incompatibility. Ex. SECTION C 3. 8. Attempt any two parts of the following: 2 x 10 = 20 . ii. SECTION B — (10 x 3 = 30 marks) 16. Calculate the doses for three children one with age 8 years, second with age 8 months and the The transition of the Russian dandelion Taraxacum koksaghyz (Asteraceae) to a profitable, alternative crop producing natural rubber and inulin requires the optimization of several agronomic traits, cultivation conditions and harvesting procedures to improve the yield. What are nasal drops 14. the incompatibility of the physical, chemical and therapeutic nature which gives a solution during the formulation and administration. incretins: A group of gastrointestinal hormones that increase the amount of insulin released. Question 2. 1. j. Write a descriptive note on therapeutic and physical incompatibility with examples. Describe the dispensing of Dusting powder with example. PAPER II – PHARMACEUTICS Q.P. Proper storage of drug products, providing beyond use dates for prescriptions, and the preparation and storage of sterile products are some examples of common scenarios that are dependent on the knowledge of the chemical kinetics of pharmaceuticals. Therapeutic change. 7 terms. j. 2. explain formulation, evaluation and labeling of aromatic water, glycerides, syrups, elixirs and powder preparations. Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities as well as for the generic … Incompatibility and instability with active pharmaceutical ingredients. Justify: Theobroma oil is an ideal suppository base. Define Incompatibility. What is tolerated and adjusted incompatibility? Definition of incompatibility When two or more ingredients of a prescription are mixed together, the undesired change that may take place in the physical, chemical or therapeutic properties of the medicament is termed as incompatibility . 17. 14.Define Incompatibility. will be harmed. A Google ingyenes szolgáltatása azonnal lefordítja a szavakat, kifejezéseket és weboldalakat a magyar és több mint 100 további nyelv kombinációjában. Treatment of autonomic drugs overdose. j. R. Herawati. Suspensions 2 Marks 1. An open vial or bottle exposes to contamination a critical site of much larger area than the tip of a 26-gauge needle. Attempt any two parts of the following: 2 x 10 = 20 a. Using the excipients that were found to be compatible with IMN, formulations were optimized. 3. Give examples for therapeutic incompatibility. c) i) Define ‘Posology’ and give various formula to calculate a child dose from adult dose. However, efficient breeding is hindered by the obligatory sexual outcrossing of this species. define pharmaceutics. Define incompatibility. Sublimation 13. Oleaginous bases include Theobroma Oil and synthetic triglyceride mixtures. b. Differentiate between flocculated & deflocculated suspension. There must be no incompatibility between any of the components of the dosage form. SECTION B. Included is a review of basic bioscience topics (e.g., microbiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology) with particular relevance to the study of bioprocessing techniques. The applicant proposes an in-use shelf-life of x months, as this is the time covered by the in-use stability study. Chemical Incompatibility Definition Reaction between two or more substances which lead to change in chemical properties of pharmaceutical dosage form. Handling of prescription, Incompatibility, Storage conditions of drugs, Clinical Pharmacy and its role in Hospital. Drug stability is defined as the ability of the pharmaceutical dosage form to maintain the physical, chemical, therapeutic and microbial properties during the time of storage and usage by the patient. Define immediate and delayed chemical incompatibility… Microbial Metabolites. What is therapeutic incompatibility? Introduction. Select a drug or solution by clicking the Enter key on your keyboard or by using the Add button. Answer any TEN questions. What are the composition of ORS powder 12. Discuss various factors affecting posology. Add a note on Microcapsule. Define monograph. both on the light refraction (real component) and absorption. Discuss in detail the importance of various parts of prescription with suitable example. Diethyl ether, or simply ether, is an organic compound in the ether class with the formula (C 2 H 5) 2 O, sometimes abbreviated as Et 2 O (see Pseudoelement symbols).It is a colorless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling ("Ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid.It is commonly used as a solvent in laboratories and as a starting fluid for some engines. Define the term “displacement value”. Lactose is a reducing sugar and as such potentially reactive with amine compounds. Incompatibility is defined as a change resulting and an undesirable product is formed, which may affect the safety, efficacy, appearance and stability of the pharmaceutical product. 20 to 25°C temperature is considered room temperature in pharmaceuticals. Writes its advantages and disadvantages. 8. Unit-3 Diazotisation titration.pdf click here. Theoretical aspects including commonly used … The size of the critical site affects the risk of contamination entering the product: the greater the exposed area, the greater the risk. 10. Discuss in detail chemical incompatibility. M.pharm, M.B.A,( P.hD) Allianze college of medical sciences. Describe about Therapeutic incompatibility with examples. I. 1. 5. 2. ii) A physician has the option to deviate from the conventional dose of a medicament according to the requirement of the patient. K.SAMINATHAN. Adjusted In this type of incompatibility, change in the … Microbial Toxins: Endotoxins produced by some gram –ve bacteria like E.coli. Soxhlet extraction process. 7. a. Define Posology. 16.Define Prescription. 2. Unit-2 Neutralization Curve.pdf click here. prescription to avoid any therapeutic incompatibility. This paper. 2- The relation between the solubility of a compound and its surface activity-giving examples. Pharmaceutical Industry the branch of the chemical industry that manufactures drugs. Course Outcomes 2.3.1 T/2.3.1 P Physical Pharmaceutics ‐ I 2.3.1 (01)Understand the basics of chemical and physical phenomena that govern the in vivo and in vitro actions of pharmaceutical products. Unit-3 Complexometric titration and Precipitation titration.pdf click here. Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. Physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of drug substances and dosage forms can be highly affected by the particle size, a critical process parameter in pharmaceutical production. 7. 35 Full PDFs related to this paper. Define prescription. 16. 5. We'll learn the definition of polymorphism, examine the different types of polymorphism in nature, … SECTION -C 3. http://www.fda.gov. What are humectants? Dilution or Mixing— If a product is diluted, or if two products are mixed, the pharmacist should observe good professional and scientific procedures to guard against incompatibility and instability. The selected drug (s) and solution (s) will populate the Selected Items in … Write notes on: (6 x 5 = 30) 1. Define suppositories. 3 5 Marks; Write a note on reasons & remedies of physical incompatibility. Attempt any two of the following: 10 x 2 = 20 a. Discuss physical incompatibility and therapeutic incompatibility with the help of suitable example. Give reasons (Any four): 14 a) Why simple syrup l.p. is more sweet than simple syrup U.S.P. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). Therapeutic incompatibility It may be the result of prescribing certain drugs to the patient with the intention to produce a specific degree of action but the nature or the intensity of the action produced is different from that intended by the prescriber. CAUSES: It may be due to the administration of : Overdose or improper dose of a single drug. Enlist type of suppositories. You will need to enter at least two drugs or at least one drug and solution into the respective search boxes to create the compatibility table. prescriber does not know that the drugs are incompatible. Results of IST demonstrated incompatibility between IMN and cellulose acetate. 3. Different drugs prescribed for same patients may cause synergism or antagonism. Room Temperature: Most of the pharmaceutical activities are done at room temperature. What are the different types of incompatibilities? The human eye is a very vital and complex sensory organ directly exposed to the environment. Unit-1 (a) Definition and Scope. Reactive impurities originating from excipients can cause drug stability issues, even at trace amounts. Pharmacists encounter the impact of the chemical degradation of pharmaceuticals in the course of their everyday activities. Define and classify powders giving their merits and demerits. 2. 11. Unit-3 Gravimetry.pdf click here & click here. Unit-2 Acid base titration and Non aqueous titration.pdf click here. • Types of Drug Incompatibility 1. Name the common ingredients used in formulation of pastes" 13. Define the term formulation'. Mainly two types of chemicals are produced by microbes, Microbial Toxins. To define the concentration ranges that 5′DSCG molecules form liquid crystals (either as droplets or as an isotropic-LC mixture), we constructed ternary phase diagrams for 5′DSCG, water, and a polymer − PVA, PVP, or PAAm. A number of products have been successfully formulated with lactose and have been shown to be stable. 2. Drug Incompatibility refers to interactions between two or more substances which lead to changes in chemical, physical, therapeutic properties of the pharmaceutical dosage form. Describe the dispensing of Dusting powder with example. 6 (a) Define suppositories. SECTION C 3. Unit-8 - ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & HEALTH EDUCATION 1. Download PDF. * 2. Mention various grades of powders. g. Define suspension with an example. Humectants. Based on the results, cellulose acetate and MCC were found to show interaction with IMN. Microbial contamination of the products result in formation of chemicals in the products due to microbial metabolic activity, this is terms as Biological spoilage. Chemical incompatibility can be intentional i.e. 3. To comply with this Q the in-use study should be performed according to Questions 2 or 3 at the applicant’s discretion. READ PAPER. program who have taken PHARMACEUTICS 475 or PHARMACEUTICS 5471. The term ‘alcohol’ without other qualification refers to ethanol 94.9–96.0% v/v. Elaborate on : Pages Time Marks (Max.)(Max.)(Max.) 17 40 20 2. blurred vision. 17. 10 Marks Due to double decomposition, a polyvalent soap is formed which inverts the emulsion. 4-Define … PHARMACEUTICAL INCOMPATIBILITY. FASTtrack, Pharmaceutics - Dosage Form and Design. 1. Define effervescent and efflorescent powders. The selected drug (s) and solution (s) will populate the Selected Items in … Chemical incompatibility 1. A short summary of this paper. Explain the chemical and Physical Incompatibility with examples. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Discuss the reasons why physical & therapeutic incompatibility occurs. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body. 5 hours; 8-10 marks . Discussion of therapeutic incompatibility with examples. ... Pharmaceutics Excipients w/ definitions. FASTtrack, Pharmaceutics - Dosage Form and Design. Oleaginous bases include Theobroma Oil and synthetic triglyceride mixtures. Discuss the various adjuvant used in the formulation of oral liquid dosage forms. Table 1. Mention the mechanisms of size reduction. 15.Classify and Enumerate the advantage of powders. Click on "Trissel's IV Compatibility" to open the module. Pharmaceutical Incompatibility 2 Marks; Define therapeutic incompatibility. Objectives: The primary objectives of this course are to 1. 17 40 20 2. a) Classify and Enumerate the advantage of powders. Ways of detecting Incompatibility It may be detected by: Physical change. Physical or Pharmaceutical Incompatibilities is that form of disagreement depending chiefly on the question of relative solubility, which is evidenced by the failure of the ingredients to combine in such a way as to make a satisfactory product. incompatibility: Undesirable interaction of drugs not suitable for combination or administration together. SLO34: Define and classify emulsion(K)[MA] SLO35: Discuss in detail the different identification tests for emulsion. if meds are given together pt. B. Drug Incompatibility •Definition of Drug Incompatibility: Drug Incompatibility refers to interactions between two or more substances which lead to changes in chemical, physical, therapeutic properties of the pharmaceutical dosage form. •Types of Drug Incompatibility 1. Therapeutic incompatibility 2. Physical incompatibility 3. 3. Or simply it may be defined as that form disagreement in prescription which involve a chemical reaction. When no relevant deterioration is observed an in-use shelf-life is not necessary. Write a descriptive note on therapeutic and physical incompatibility with examples. 9. Define incompatibility with an example. 3- Two types of incompatibility involoing surfactants. Incompatibility: Introduction to physical and chemical incompatibility. incompatibility. Humectants, such as propylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and sorbitol are hygroscopic excipients used at ~5% in liquid dosage forms (e.g., aqueous suspensions and emulsions for external application) to retard the evaporation of aqueous vehicle from dosage forms during storage and use. Define the physical incompatibility with examples. Drug stability is defined as the ability of the pharmaceutical dosage form to maintain the physical, chemical, therapeutic and microbial properties during the time of storage and usage by the patient. 3. Elementary knowledge of following systems :-Blood, Digestive system, Respiratory system, Eye, Ear, Reproductive system and Urinary system. Excipients and APIs in the warehouse are stored at this temperature. Write briefly the physical and chemical incompatibility Define effervescent and efflorescent powders. The journal covers researches on medicinal materials and resources, active constituents (including biosynthesis, tissue culture, etc. The manufacture and control of oral solutions and oral suspensions has presented some problems to the industry. No administration of calcium and ceftriaxone by the same IV line ! First Year B. Pharm. It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Revision Bulletin . Oleaginous Bases. Explain briefly the types of bases used. It occurs due to when drug or excipients, which are … Write a note on history of pharmacy. (a) Throat paints (b) Gargles. 1. Classify the surgical dressings and write a note on Absorbent Cotton wool. 6. What are desirable features of containers and 7. Physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of drug substances and dosage forms can be highly affected by the particle size, a critical process parameter in pharmaceutical production. Short note- Physical incompatibility. When produced during final dosage form storage, they are especially hard to control, and often, factors inducing their formation remain unidentified. on 2.5 marks for errors 2 d) Define dentifrices and explain formulation of it Chemical change. The term ethanol (96%) is used to describe the material containing water and 95.1–96.9% v/v of C2H6O at 208C.In the USP 32, the term ‘dehydrated alcohol’ refers to ethanol 599.5% v/v. 05 Q.7 (a) Write a note on ointment base. FASTtrack, Pharmaceutics - Dosage Form and Design. The concern is about the compatibility of lactose with certain APIs. Pharmaceutics MCQs Pharmaceutics MCQs The Biphasic Dosage form : Suspensions Definition A suspension is biphasic system in which a dispersed state is solid while continuous phase is liquid (oily/aqueous), the system is stabilized by addition of “Suspending agent.” 2. Pharmaceutical incompatibility may occur not only during compounding and dispensing but also at any stage during formulation , manufacturing , packing or administration of drugs. Importance Of Determining Incompatibility Incompatible products may effect: Safety of medicament. Collodions 14. Contamination from microorganisms is a big problem for all formulations containing moisture but it can be a bother in solid dosage forms also if some natural polymers are used because many natural polymers are fertile sources of microorganisms. Define incompatibility and classify them with suitable example. Therapeutic incompatibility 2. Animal origin raw materials like gelatin, thyroid, pancreas and Plant origin products like starch, acacia tragacanth etc. Define the term Prescription. Select a drug or solution by clicking the Enter key on your keyboard or by using the Add button. Oleaginous Bases. Describe various types of … Compounding medications is an important responsibility of a pharmacist. Solubility, the phenomenon of dissolution of solute in solvent to give a homogenous system, is one of the important parameters to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for desired (anticipated) pharmacological response. Skills : 1. state the correct use of various equipments in Pharmaceutics laboratory relevant to practical’s. 8. define preformulation, describe various preformulation parameters and define additives with its examples. Dosage forms (eg, tablets, capsules, solutions), consisting of the drug plus other ingredients, are formulated to be given by various routes (eg, oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, topical, inhalational). This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Define incompatibility. The new product is unsuitable for administration because the "active" drug has been modified (e.g., increase in toxicity), or because some physical change (e.g., solubility) has occurred. (K)[MA] 4. Write about Indian Pharmacopoeia 11. 2. a medicinal drug. What is incompatibility? Discuss various parts of prescription giving suitable examples. a prescriber knowingly gives incompatible drugs, or unintentional i.e. Buccal or sublingual tablets are small, flat, oval tablets intended to be inserted in the buccal pouch, or beneath the tongue, where the active ingredient may be directly absorbed through the mucosa. 5.Incompatibility of emulsifying agents Emulsion prepared with alkali metal, ammonia and triethanoamine soaps are incompatible with salts producing polyvalent cations . Download. 2. Pharmacoepidemiology. individual variation: Difference in the effects of … Common furosemide side effects may include: diarrhea, constipation, loss of appetite; numbness or tingling; headache, dizziness; or. 2 〈 797 〉 Pharmaceutical Compounding — Sterile Preparations . SLO37: Describe the physical incompatibility(K)[MA] SLO38: Explain therapeutic incompatibility with suitable examples. 1 pharmaceutical incompatibility occurs as a result of mixing of two or more antagonistic substances and an undesirable product is formed which may affect the safety, efficacy and appearance of pharmaceutical preparation. In an ideal suspension, particles are uniformly dispersed and remain so even after prolonged periods of time. Explain the chemical and Physical Incompatibility with examples. Tolerated In this type of incompatibility, chemical reaction can be reduced by mixing the solutions in dilute forms or by changing the order of mixing but no alteration is made. Chemical Incompatibility – Whenever the ingredients in the prescription undergo chemical reaction whereby their original composition is altered, chemical incompatibility is said to take place. 2. Maceration 15. Code : 383802 Time : 3 hours Maximum : 100 marks (180 Min) Answer ALL questions in the same order. … Neonates: no calcium infusion if ceftriaxone has been administered (48h wash out period) ! Steam bath 16. Short notes on : 1. 4. Give a note on surgical sutures ad ligatures 9. Define the chemical incompatibility with examples. For non-aqueous injections, fixed oils of vegetable origin are used as vehicles. Attempt any two parts of the following: 2 x 10 = 20 a. Raw materials of mineral origin are usually free from microbes while some like zinc oxide, calamine, bentonite may contain spores of Clostridium spp. B. Introduction to dosage forms: Classification and definitions. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Describe the various parts of a prescription. DEFINITION: Incompatibility is the result of mixing two or more antagonistic substances as a result of which undesirable product or effect may be seen. II. Define … Pharmaceutics Tuesday, July 28, 2020. Theobroma Oil or cocoa butter is used as a suppository base because, in large measure, it fulfills the requirements of an ideal base. You will need to enter at least two drugs or at least one drug and solution into the respective search boxes to create the compatibility table. (b) Errors. i. Polyethylene glycol (PEG; / ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ ɛ θ əl ˌ iː n ˈ ɡ l aɪ ˌ k ɒ l,-ˌ k ɔː l /) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine.PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH 2 −CH 2) n −OH. Start studying Pharmaceutics test 1. ... Incompatibility is defined as. Explain the chemical and Physical Incompatibility with examples. Explain physical incompatibility. Mention the commonly used emulsifying agents. Write the advantages and disadvantages. b) Tragacanth alone is rarely used as emulsifying agent in emulsion meant for oral administration. h) Discuss physical incompatibility with suitable examples. Theobroma Oil or cocoa butter is used as a suppository base because, in large measure, it fulfills the requirements of an ideal base. Drug Absorption. 6. Define incompatibility. Physical incompatibility 3. a. Question 4. Physical Incompatibility: Some physical properties of ingredients interfere in their coexistence. (imaginary component). c. What are different excipients used in liquid dosage forms? b) Add a note on Microcapsule. The course also emphasizes on the surgical aids wherein the manufacture of surgical products is detailed in an elaborative manner for the students. ISO Classification of Particulate Matter in Room Air Define prescription. d) Define tolerated and adjusted incompatibility. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INCOMPATIBILITY BY. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Note: Not open to students who have taken the former PHARMACEUTICS 481 or those in the Non-Thesis M.S. This dosage form is used for providing a liquid dosage form for insoluble drugs.. Give examples of two ointment bases. 17 40 20 II. Humectants. drugs cross the placenta by _____ diffusion. Pharmaceutics-I (Subject Code: 2111) Section A (Q.1 to Q.10) 10 Very short questions of one mark each and all questions are compulsory. Physical incompatibility. Enumerate pharmacokinetic interactions in therapeutic incompatibility. 215 Particle Size Analysis in Pharmaceutics: Principles, Methods and Applications. i) What are the various methods of preparation of creams? Lemon syrup – 20ml Purified water – 75 ml. Download Full PDF Package. b. Incompatibility Definition Incompatibility refers to interactions between two or more substances which lead to changes in chemical, physical, therapeutic properties of … Possible drug/solution selections will be displayed as you continue to type. 05 (c) Define and classify the pharmaceutical incompatibility. Pharmacy Incompatibility: Chemical Incompatibility. Q. 1. Pharmaceutical suspension is a liquid dosage form containing finely divided, undissolved drug particles dispersed throughout a liquid vehicle in which the drug exhibits a minimum degree of solubility. Give examples SECTION B 2. Incompatibility is defined as "a phenomenon which occurs when on drug is mixed with others and produces an unsuitable product by some physiochemical means." What are humectants? Define therapeutic incompatibility with examples. Sterilization at this stage may be omitted, provided that the preparation is subject to terminal sterilization. iii. (K)[MA] SLO36: Explain the instability of emulsion and how to overcome the same(K)[MA] UNIT IV. Classify and define liquid dosage forms with example 10. are known sources of microbial contamination. b. h. Define suppository with an example. Question3. pdf click here. Explain chemical incompatibility. 3. 8. define preformulation, describe various preformulation parameters and define additives with its examples. Define dosage forms. Discuss about emulsifying agent. Define the term Incompatibility. Drug absorption is determined by the drug’s physicochemical properties, formulation, and route of administration. Write a detailed note history of Pharmacy in India. 1- Define surface active agents, draw the HLB scale showing the functions on the basis of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values.

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