Opposition supporters, guided by party leaders, took to the streets to protest the results, which many viewed as fraudulent. The conflict could even escalate into a full-scale disintegration of the Ethiopian state into a number of ethnic republics, some analysts fear. To answer this question, Cultural Survival has, for this issue of the Quarterly, invited distinguished scholars from all over the world to analyze ethnic conflicts in every corner of the globe. Visit our website for Travel to High-Risk Areas. 500 miles ... Tigray officials said that many ethnic Tigrayans … 2 Ethnicity and Ethnic Fragmentation in Kenya 98 3 Ethnic Exclusivity in the Kenyan Public Service 100 4 Remedies for Ethnic Politics and their Applicability in Kenya 111 5 Conclusion 118 References 120 Author Biographies 125. Causes of ethnic conflict in Nigeria are many but we will focus on primary ones that government should deal with to stop the menace at once. CrisisWatch warns of two conflict risks in June.. Colombia’s Cali city is at a high risk of spiralling violence in coming weeks as anti-government protesters face an increasingly heavy security build-up and armed civilians. Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed admitted to the involvement of Eritrean forces in Tigray for the first time on March 23. Appeals by Kenyan officials and traders on Somalia to lift the ban did not bear fruit. Crime, kidnapping, armed conflict, and the potential for ethnic conflict exist near the Ethiopian borders with Sudan and South Sudan. (Eds. At the same time, they reveal new details of competition for urban land rights. Northern Kenya is a very different landscape now to the one it was ten years ago. Tension is high in Olposimoru, Narok North Sub County, an area which has been experiencing sporadic ethnic clashes for more than a decade. 167-193). The rest of the tribes are Nilotic speakers and indigenous hunters-gatherer descendants. Border Areas with Kenya – Do Not Travel. Jommo Kenyatta of Kenya forged a delicate alliance of ethnic groups behind the dominance of his Kenyan African National Union party. 2 Ethnicity and Ethnic Fragmentation in Kenya 98 3 Ethnic Exclusivity in the Kenyan Public Service 100 4 Remedies for Ethnic Politics and their Applicability in Kenya 111 5 Conclusion 118 References 120 Author Biographies 125. Bekele Melese Eshete (Ethiopia) “Ethnic Conflict and Coexistence Strategies among Amhara and Kemant Communities in Amhara Regional State, Northwestern Ethiopia” Haris Amin Zargar (Kashmir) “Interface Between Land Reform and Political Islam: A Case Study of … Limited rainfall means less pasture and water, and this scarcity of essential resources is becoming the main cause of conflict. It appears that recognizing and affirming different ethnic groups and their interests could help countries improve trust and reduce conflict. More than 1,000 people are believed to have been killed, with hundreds of thousands uprooted from their homes, amid ethnic conflict. Telephone Contacts. November 29, 2020. A number of political commentators, the media and observers have portrayed the 2007 election violence in Kenya as an ethnic conflict between two of the largest tribal opposing factions: the Kikuyu and the Luo. 1 However, in the second half of 2016, violence erupted across minority ethnic groups—are fighting for more autonomy, local or regional, ... cratic Republic of the Congo, and Kenya from 2016 to 2020, the report was ... pockets of local conflict until late 2015. "Ethnic Diversity, Social Sanctions, and Public Goods in Kenya." According to a popular narrative, ethnic tensions drive Kenya’s political conflicts. Farm land in the Rift Valley. The present situation in Arid and Semi-Arid Land counties across Kenya remains precarious due … The last official census took place in Kenya back in 2009 when it was confirmed that 38,610,097 people were living in the country. Conflict Risk Alert. At the institute, we recognise that education is one of the most critical areas of empowerment for women in conflict transformation, especially in societies caught up in inter-ethnic and inter-religious conflict and gender inequalities that are deeply rooted in the patriarchal norms and unbalanced power relations that exist in Kenya. Eritrean troops have been in northern Ethiopia’s Tigray region since the conflict began in November 2020. In these cases, land conflict seemed to promote corruption and the use of ethnicity, while corruption and ethnicity were able to alter the relationship of this conflict to violence. It has been more than three weeks since Guyana’s March 2 elections, and there is still no final result. The historical trajectory of conflicts in Kenya, as is the case with other African states, assumes the colonial narrative. Some of the most notable ethnic clashes included conflicts in Rwanda, Darfur, and Yugoslavia. Ten years after a disputed presidential poll brought Kenya to the brink of civil war, the August 2017 general election was won comfortably by President Uhuru Kenyatta. Internal displacement in Kenya is often overshadowed by the refugee situation. It has high levels of sexual and gender-based violence and of intercommunal violence; low levels of persistent violence; cycles of election-related violence; and increasing numbers of terrorist attacks. According to local Pundits that have over […] 2020 January - Al-Shabab Somali jihadists attack Camp Simba army base near Lamu, killing three Americans. The current rate of change of 2.52% annually is predicted to drop to 2.20% by 2030. Journalists practiced self-censorship to avoid conflict with the government on sensitive subjects, such as the first family or assets owned by the Kenyatta family. There is a widespread expectation that violent conflict could erupt even before the 2017 elections as the long-standing grievances that fueled violence in 2007–08, and were merely sup-pressed during the 2013 general elections, have not been resolved. The Middle East, Eastern Europe, and even Africa witnessed some of the most devastating acts of ethnic conflict to date. You can trace causes of ethnic conflict to amalgamation, religious differences, inequality, lack of transparent governance, long military incursion in government and lack of vision or Nigerian dream, to mention but a few. Kenya is one of the most varied lands on the planet both in terms of its geography and its ethnic population. Stakeholders 8 4. To answer this question, Cultural Survival has, for this issue of the Quarterly, invited distinguished scholars from all over the world to analyze ethnic conflicts in every corner of the globe. Publication: Terrorism Monitor. Current Conflicts In Africa are violent conflict and civil strife and are usually caused by bad governance and corruption, poverty, Ethnic marginalization, small arms and light weapons proliferation, human right violations, etc. Treasury Cabinet Secretary Ukur Yatani is currently preparing himself to appear in the National Assembly and make his 2021/2022 budget statement. Kenya is a patriarchal society and has high levels of . Amani Mashinani (Peace at the Grassroots) is a model of peace building that demonstrates the importance of community involvement and Church leadership in peacebuilding efforts in North Rift region of Kenya. Roots of violence. A middle-aged man was Monday admitted to the Nakuru County Referral Hospital with an arrow lodged in his back after he was shot during an ethnic conflict in Olposimoru along the Nakuru-Narok border. Over 59 million Kenyans are anxiously waiting to hear the Budget Statement scheduled for presentation at the National Assembly Thursday Afternoon at about 3PM or (2PM CAT). 3. (2020). As a general rule, the process of conflict outbreak involves three … To understand how the country’s ethnic diversity is linked to these disputes, one must consider history. 2005. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Horn of Africa, Ian Davis. Online Appendix for “Ethnic Conflict and the Limits of Non-Violent Resistance ... (2020). Many attacks are based on ethnic affiliation and are used to punish certain groups. Journal of Public Economics 89 (11-12): 2325-2368. 1 This study was researched and written by Dr Japhet Biegon, Dr Joshua Kivuva, Dr Patrick Asingo, The Foundation supports research that investigates the basic mechanisms in the production of violence, but primacy is given to proposals that make a compelling case for the relevance of potential findings for policies intended to reduce these ills. Conflict in the Borena and Dawa areas of southern Ethiopia had left 350,000 people displaced by mid-2020, according to the UN’s migration agency, IOM. Addis Ababa (HAN) September 10. However, the situation in a multi-ethnic country like Kenya could prove to be much more complicated than one may think. Miguel, Edward, and Mary Kay Gugerty. The month of ethnic bloodletting in Kenya has historic roots. In April the High Court upheld the 2018 ban imposed by the Kenya Film Classification Board on the film Rafiki, which portrays a romance between two women. Conflict between pastoralists and farmers in Tana River District. Delhi (2020) The 2020 Delhi riots, which left more than 50 dead and hundreds injured, were triggered by protests against a citizenship law seen by many critics as anti-Muslim and part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist agenda. The historical context of electoral conflicts in Kenya. Bekele Melese Eshete (Ethiopia) “Ethnic Conflict and Coexistence Strategies among Amhara and Kemant Communities in Amhara Regional State, Northwestern Ethiopia” Haris Amin Zargar (Kashmir) “Interface Between Land Reform and Political Islam: A Case Study of Kashmir’s Agrarian Reforms of 1950 – 1975” Ethnic conflict is not a given, either in our genes or in our cultures. Today, the Ethiopian government is reporting that the National Defense Forces have taken control of city of Mikelle, the capital city of Tigray, as well as the airport. A lot of vital information on loans may be easily accessible to the public because of gross misuse of the credit information sharing (CIS) mechanism, the central bank of Kenya cautioned. Long before independence, members of the elite began to take control of large tracts of land … National Cohesion and Integration Commission. P. O. religious violence between Christian and Muslim communities). A former US diplomat compared Ethiopia to the former Yugoslavia, adding that the conflict “is much more akin to what an inter-state war would look like”. Electoral Conflict In Kenya Essay. February 2020. Kenya is a large multi-ethnic country, with over 40 different ethnic groups and many overlapping conflicts. Al-Shabaab continued to attack security forces and civilians, tensions mounted in Galmudug as rival camps appointed parallel parliaments, and in coming weeks militia fighting could erupt in Jubaland state in south. Mapping of violent conflict in Kenya 3 3. The focus on tribal identities, however, fails to highlight the relevance of land disputes. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. In Witsenburg, K., Zaal, F. Muslim–Sikh conflict The Media Council of Kenya reported that between May 2017 and April 2018, there were at least 94 incidents of abuses against journalists and bloggers in Kenya, the highest in a decade. Violent ethnic conflict Ethnic violence (also known as ethnic terrorism or ethnically-motivated terrorism) refers to violence expressly motivated by ethnic hatred and ethnic conflict . The North Eastern Province is one of the former provinces in Kenya. ing point in the long road to addressing the root causes of conflict in Kenya. Russia (Russian: Россия, Rossiya, Russian pronunciation: [rɐˈsʲijə]), or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.It is the largest country in the world, covering over 17 million square kilometres (6.6 × 10 ^ 6 sq mi), and encompassing more than one-eighth of Earth's inhabited land area. Ethnic Tigrayans arrested, in hiding or cut off from the world. The electoral process in Africa’s democracies has, with few exceptions, been characterized by violence. sexual and gender-based violence, which have increased during times of election violence. Ethnicity in Kenya’s Elections. Hamas fired 4,300 rockets from Gaza into Israel during the conflict, killing two children and six adults in Israel. According to local media reports, Kenya had 1,994 third-party data providers allowed to share borrowers’ loan defaults and payments with Credit Reference Bureaus (CRBs), […] Ethnic Conflicts: this can be divided into cultural, ethnic, or religious communities and identities. KMA Center 6th Floor, Mara Rd, Upper hill. How then do we account for the atrocities that flicker daily in our TV news reports? Culture, Health & Sexuality. Beyond the potentially devastating impact of COVID-19 on politics and the economy, the region is grappling with deeply troubled transitions, cross-border jihadism and remains a playground for great power competition. The first fault line represents a conflict that combines, both, ethnic and ideological disputes that can turn Ethiopia into Africa’s Yugoslavia. ), Spaces of insecurity: Human agency in violent conflicts in Kenya (pp. Over the past few days, tens of thousands of Kikuyus, the tribe of Kenya’s president, have packed into heavily guarded buses to flee the western part of the country because of ethnic violence. References 25 Appendix 1: Map of Kenyas counties 27 Appendix 2: Map showing the distribution of Kenyas main ethnic groups 28 The at times heavy-handed response is fueling Tigrayan anger and complicating Abiy’s efforts to end the conflict in Tigray. Understanding Political Violence among Youth: Evidence from Kenya | MERCY CORPS 5 “Conflict [in the Rift Valley] will only cease when people feel there is more that ties us than separates us”. Kenyans have been internally displaced by droughts, food insecurity and floods, as well as ethnic conflicts. Ethiopia’s deadly conflict is spilling beyond its northern Tigray region and turning identity into a mortal threat. Conflict Prevention in Kenya: Combating Corruption through Nonviolent Action. Responses 16 6. Although reforms introduced in the 2010 constitution have helped avert large-scale fighting, sporadic outbreaks of violence followed claims by opposition leader Raila Odinga that results had been manipulated. Though regional conflict among tribes was still in existence, it was not until the advent of multi-party politics in 1992 that it really became evident. Relying on the analyses of the 2007 and 2013 elections in Kenya, I illustrate how likely an individual, who is attached to a politically coherent ethnic group, votes for a candidate, the majority of whose ethnic members engage in the same industry as the … As per the PPA-Amndts (which amends the PPA), the G-KenyaCT, KEN-20, KEN-21, and KEN-16, Kenya’s Pharmacy and Poisons Board (PPB) is the regulatory authority responsible for clinical trial approvals, oversight, and inspections. Ethnic Tigrayans arrested, in hiding or cut off from the world. Helpdesk Report: K4D - Climate change, vulnerability to violent extremism and conflict in Kenya … Gender dimension ‒ sexual and gender-based violence 20 7. He promised on March 26 that Eritrean forces would withdraw. Kenya’s Anti-Corruption and Economic Crimes Act 2003 and Penal Code criminalize corruption, active and passive bribery, bribing a foreign official, money laundering, abuse of office, extortion, conflict of interest, bid rigging and bribery involving agents. Since the invasion of Kenya in 1885, the British instituted the divide-and-rule strategy that ushered in their unfettered plunder of the country’s economic resources. The native tribes of Tanzania are predominantly of Bantu origin, represented by about 95% of the country's inhabitants. Corruption affects access to basic services, contributes to resource scarcity, and fuels organized crime. Amid rising ethnic tensions, Kenyans fear poll could trigger fresh violence. Kenya + 2 more. Presenting the Secretary-General’s latest report (document S/2020/585), he described security conditions as “extremely volatile”. The Horn of Africa faces myriad crises. Thousands of people have … The Boko Haram insurgency, with its spillover into Cameroon, Chad and Niger, is the most reported-upon security crisis in Nigeria. Although Kenya's extreme growth is expected to slow in the coming years, it will still be significant. A significant increase in the severity of such conflicts between the various ethnic groups inhabiting the country was witnessed after the introduction of multi-party politics in the early 1990s, especially during the 2007–08 Kenyan crisis. Causes of Religious conflicts in Kenya Religious conflict in Kenya is in most cases linked to general intercommunal conflict and follows almost synonymous pattern as that of inter-ethnic conflict. In August 2012, a series of ethnic clashes between the Orma and Pokomo peoples of Kenya's Tana River District resulted in the deaths of at least fifty-two people. Box 7055-00100 Nairobi. The role of community members and the Church in working together during times of conflict demonstrates the possibilities of increased opportunities for positive peace and reconciliation. In the wake of Kenya’s contested 2007 election, ethnic violence ripped through the country, killing over 1,000 and displacing as many as 600,000. Chapter Seven: Ethnic Conflicts in Kenya: A Nation Divided. By: Sunguta West The Jamestown Foundation. The demography of Kenya is monitored by the Kenyan National Bureau of Statistics.Kenya is a multi-ethnic state in the Great Lakes region of East Africa.It is inhabited primarily by Bantu and Nilotic populations, with some Cushitic-speaking ethnic minorities in the north.Its total population was at 47,564,296 as of the 2019 census. It is commonly related to political violence, and most often the terms are interchangeable. The 11 day conflict ended with a ceasefire on Friday, May 21, at 2 am. Terrorists, particularly Al-Shabaab, maintain a presence in this area, and ethnic conflict has been reported. Ethnic groups: Kikuyu 17.2%, Luhya 13.8%, Kalejin 12.9%, Luo 10.5%, Kamba 10.1%, Somali 6.2%, Kisii 5.7%, Mijikenda 5.1%, Meru 4.3%, Turkana 2.6%, Masai 2.2%, other 9.4% (2014 est.) During this time, however, the population should grow from 53,491,697 in 2020 … ... Kenya’s anti-Arap Moi campaign as a … With nearly 862 different ethnic groups globally, conflict was inevitable on the global stage. Present day ethnic and political conflicts in Kenya have their roots in colonialism and are exacerbated by a presently dual narrative as to the Mau Mau and other rebellions that took place across Kenya in the 1950s. There are numerous examples in the UK. As is well known, Israel is a multi-ethnic state, where Arab citizens have equal civil, religious, and political rights as Jews. “The ethnic profiling demonstrates that despite the government’s stated intention to target only the TPLF leadership, this conflict is also having a much broader negative impact on Tigrayans outside of Tigray,” said William Davison, an analyst at the International Crisis Group. This article is more than 2 years old. The truth is that ethnic conflicts and land disputes are intertwined – and have been so for a long time. a stable groundwork for effective conflict transformation. Posted on March 16, 2020 by African Interdisciplinary Studies Association Website. The Republic of Kenya sits on the equator where it's bordered by the Indian Ocean, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Somalia. According to the data, Kikuyu is the largest ethnic community with 8,148,668 people and the smallest is the Dahalo at 575. For instance, the industrial park in Mekelle built for 20,000 workers – and with an occupancy in 2020 of around 3,500 workers – is currently closed. Wednesday, September 25, 2019 By: Tabatha Thompson; Hussein Khalid The relationship between corruption and violent conflict is complex and significant. 2. Racial, ethnic, and religious conflict. Ahead of Print. The Impact of Urban Migration in Kenya", forthcoming American Journal of Political Science. Nobody believes that there won't be another war soon. The notion of Kenya as a ticking time bomb is prevalent within the local population. Ethnic Conflict Threatens Democracy in Guyana ... March 26, 2020, 12:28 PM. 1 This study was researched and written by … Cultural conflicts and religious conflicts concurrently (i.e. In Kenya, politics split on ethnic divide. Overview. Kenya Population Projections. Women have been active in both promoting conflict and peacebuilding in pastoralist communities. NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — Ethnic Amharas killed. The largest ethnic minority in the country is the British-Indian population, which forms 27% of the total ethnic minority population. Kenya and Ethiopia share a large porous border, straddling a length of 861km that traverses Marsabit, Turkana, Waji and Mandera Counties on the Kenyan side, and Borana and Dawa zones on the Ethiopian side. Conflict dynamics 11 5. The ban has been tied to the collapse of relations between the two countries. The causes of ethnic conflicts in Kenya can be categorized to the specific political, social and economic contexts. The current ethnic conflict could be the straw that breaks the camel’s back. USAID.GOV/KENYA SAFEGUARDING DEMOCRATIC SPACE IN KENYA - FEBRUARY 2021 Kakamega Governor Wycliffe Oparanya and Governor Stephen Sang of Nandi County witnessed peace accords signed by communities i and Nandi counties to end a border conflict during the International Peace Day 2020, Photo Credit: FHI 360 KENYA Political Causes. NAIROBI, Kenya -- Ethnic Amharas killed. Conflict analysis of Kenya. Elisabeth King is an associate professor of international education and politics at New York University and founding director of NYU's minor in peace and conflict … Herder-Farmer Conflicts: common disputes is about land and/or cattle between cattle rearer(in particular the Fulani or Hausa) and farmers (in particular the Tiv or Tarok). Join Alan Boswell and his guests who will be delving deep into these issues in Season 2 of The Horn podcast. Ethnic Tigrayans arrested, in hiding or cut off from the world. Recommendations from the literature 22 8. Leiden, The Netherlands: African Studies Centre, Leiden University. "Deepening or Diminishing Ethnic Divides? The impact of urban migration on ethnic politics is the subject of longstanding debate. Kenya and DRC Sign Defense Pact to Cooperate against Islamic State. KEEP READING China 2020 census shows population growth slipped to lowest ever (2020). 2213 Words9 Pages. CURRENT CONFLICTS IN AFRICA 2020. This brief reflects on the local and international interventions that were initiated in Kenya after the signing of the National Accord (NA) in February 2008 following the conflict that ensued after the disputed 2007 presidential election results. Ethiopia’s Conflict: A War Won to Preserve the Nation-State. inter-ethnic conflicts: trends, causes, effects and interventions in rumuruti division of laikipia county, kenya (1963 – 2010) by warurii, fredrick kariuki January 2020. In 2007, elections in Kenya erupted in violence, leaving 1,000 people dead (Lynch, 2011, 2). Ethnic conflicts in Kenya occur frequently, although most are minor skirmishes. Clara Luisa Janzen and Adam Kozloski provided very valuable research assistance in coding the ethnic character of nonviolent campaigns. That period marked a dramatic escalation in polarisation of the Kenyan population into two ethnic voting blocks, with most Kikuyu, Embu and Meru people supporting the government and voting for the new draft constitution, while other communities, particularly Luo, Kalenjin and Luhyas, backed the opposition in campaigning against it. Monitoring Regional Issues.Attestations of the Amhara Genocide and Ethnic cleansing in Ethiopia The 20th and the 21st centuries have been marked by extreme violence and genocides globally. NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — Ethnic Amharas killed. 28 Jun 2020 Originally published 28 Jun 2020. 2. For example it would be hard for Mwangi to own a piece of land near the lakeside where Otieno resides and vice versa.The political parties and the political leaders have played a major role in fuelling ethnic conflict in Kenya through hate speech in every rally they attend in a different location for example when in Nyanza region they talk about Agikuyus being thieves.The constitution is crisp clear that we as the people of Kenya are proud of our ethnic … ... KENYA. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Grievances over land and privilege date back decades. Having crossed the hurdle of adopting the new Constitution, Kenya now faces the chal-lenge of realizing its promise of more inclusive citizenship through the new devolved sys-tem of government; reduced presidential powers and better separation of powers between Jommo Kenyatta of Kenya forged a delicate alliance of ethnic groups behind the dominance of his Kenyan African National Union party. At … 020 2786 000 By Lawrence Freeman. This special commemoration feature of Journal of Social Encounters focuses on the work of the late Bishop Cornelius Korir in advancing grassroots peacebuilding in North Rift region of Kenya. Understanding ethnic variations in HIV prevalence in Kenya: the role of cultural practices. Political extremism and nationalism. There are findings here regarding sources of urban violence in general. CONFLICT ASSESSMENT REPORT Danida Peace, Security and Stability (PSS) Programme-Kenya 2016-2020 Centre for Human Rights and Policy Studies Daphton Court, A2 Riverside Drive P.O Box 23748-00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya ... 1.2 Devolution, Power-Sharing and Ethnic Conflict 30 How then do we account for the atrocities that flicker daily in our TV news reports? Transforming Conflict in the Hands and Hearts of Communities in Kenya: Understanding the Relevance of Amani Mashinani Model: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3019-1.ch049: Media representation of ethnic conflicts in Africa constructs an image of a continent ridden with wars and violence. Ethnic violence in South Sudan has a long history among South Sudan's varied ethnic groups.South Sudan has 64 tribes with the largest being the Dinkas, who constitute about 35% of the population and predominate in government. Undercurrents of Ethnic Conflict in Kenya … Somalia banned the importation of miraa (khat) from Kenya in April 2020 following the suspension of international flights in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Kenya, politics split on ethnic divide. Kenya’s relative stability over the years is in stark contrast with most of its neighbors. The TPLF and other ethnic groups had hoped the elections would serve as a rebuke to Mr. Abiy’s centralized vision for Ethiopia, the second-most populous nation in Africa. More than 100 different ethnic groups are native to Tanzania, as well as many more immigrants from other countries. Kenya experienced one of the worst episodes of election violence in 2007 when the country’s electoral commission declared the incumbent president, Mwai Kibaki, the winner of the presidential election. Ethnic segregation is the clustering of people with similar ethnic or cultural characteristics into separate urban residential areas. Abstract. Though regional conflict among tribes was still in existence, it was not until the advent of multi-party politics in 1992 that it really became evident. Israel fired thousands of missiles into Gaza during the conflict, killing 66 children and 248 adults. This article will be focusing on the conflicts happening in Africa currently. The region has experienced rising conflict with the federal government. Undercurrents of Ethnic Conflict in Kenya (African Social Studies Series) [Oucho, John] on Amazon.com. In capital Mogadishu, Al-Shabaab killed at least six people 8-11 Jan. Ethnic conflict is not a given, either in our genes or in our cultures. On April 21, Kenya and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) signed agreements on security and defense amid growing threats from Islamic State in Central African Province (ISCAP), which is active in the eastern DRC.

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